Declaration of Independence and the Constitution Essay

Declaration of Independence and the Constitution Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution are two major documents that changed the history of the United States of America, from that of a colonized nation to that of an impendent nation that would have its government. The Declaration of Independence was a document that was written specifically to the government of Great Britainin 1176, July 4th as a notification to the monarchy that America was a free state and no longer a colony of the British. The United States became a country on its own and had its government. The Declaration of Independence provided several reasons that had made the USA to reach a decision of not having a relationship with Britain and its rule. On the other hand, the constitution which was signed in the year 1878 provided an outline the laws, the rights as well as creation of a government that was centralized in the United States. The approval of the constitution by the states led to the formation of feder al governments, which provided the right for each state to practice its own rule under the US Constitution. The existing government of the United States was established as a result of the US constitution. The grievances as raised in the Declaration of Independence were fully addressed by the US Constitution through Bill of Rights, The US Government structure and Laws on trade in the United States. Therefore,without the constitution, the present United States would have not been in existence and the strength of the US government would have been without effect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Declaration of Independence outlined several grievances which the United States people had concerning the rule of the British during colonial time. From the Declaration of Independence, some of the grievances which were noted include: The British had cut out any trade relations between the United States and the outside world, something that affected the economy of the United State. Upon the enactment of the constitution, free trade was allowed whereby the Americans could trade with any country or states that they preferred without interference from the British, â€Å"For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world.†(Archives.gov, n.p). The British did not allow the Americans to trade beyond their borders and most of the trade was for the benefit of the British. The Constitution solved this issue of trade by opening up the borders of the United States to the outside world for trade and movement of people. Therefore, without the constitution, the present United States would have still remained economically undermined and unstable as a result of the restrictions on trade.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other grievances which were raised on the Declaration of Independence include the imposing of taxes on the people of America without gaining their consent, â€Å"For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent.†(Archives.gov, n.p). Under the British colonial rule, the citizens of the United States were required to pay taxes without their consent at a rate that was decided by the British. The enactment of the constitution however resolved this issue of taxes by enacting the right of people to pay taxes while at the same time enjoy the benefits of the taxes which they pay. The constitution gives the people the right to question why they pay taxes and how much they are supposed to pay, something that did not happen during the colonial time of the British in the United States of America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, from the Declaration of Independence, the grievance raised by the Americans includes the deprivation of many cases such as the right to a trial by jury, â€Å"For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury.† (Archives.gov, n.p). The British colonial masters in the United States never allowed the citizen of the United States to face trial under a jury, hence promoted injustices and lack of equity within the judicial system. The enactment of the constitution resolved this injustice of being tried without a jury by making a provision in the constitution. It is provided in the constitution that every individual has the right to a trial by jury as stipulated under the constitution (Declaration of Independence ; Constitution of the United States of America ; Bill of Rights ; Constitutional Amendments, 2-10). The constitution declared that all Americans were to be accorded fair and just trial involving the ju ry and that no one should be subjected to a trial without a jury.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, still on matters of justice and trial of people in the United States, under the Declaration of Independence, another grievance that was raised was the issue of being tried in another territory away from where one had committed an alleged offense, â€Å"For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences.†(Archives.gov, n.p). The British Colonial masters never bothered to seek for evidence or make investigations before subjecting an individual to trial in their courts way from the place where one was alleged to have committed an offense. However, this was resolved by the constitution through the enactment of law that says no one should be put to trial without sufficient investigations and evidence gathered on the matter of concern(Declaration of Independence ; Constitution of the United States of America ; Bill of Rights ; Constitutional Amendments, 2-10). Therefore, it can be observed that without the con stitution of the United States, injustices and unfairness would have continued in the current United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to the above mentioned grievances, the other grievance raised as per the Declaration of Independence was that on suspension of the American Legislature an instead taking of all power by the British and becoming the sole legislature, â€Å"For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.†(Archives.gov, n.p). This action by the British meant that no laws would be passed without the British having been the bones to do it. In other words, all laws in America were to be formulated and enacted according to the system of the British rule and by the British(Declaration of Independence ; Constitution of the United States of America ; Bill of Rights ; Constitutional Amendments, 2-10). To address and resolve this issue, the constitution of the United States outlined the various arms of government and ensured that every arm of government, including the leg islature had its role clearly outlined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Last but not least, the other grievances that were raised in the Declaration of Independence by the United States to the Crown of Britain included the talking away of the charters of the United States as well as the abolishment of the valuable laws of the US, â€Å"For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments.†(Archives.gov, n.p). Furthermore, the alteration of the form of government of the United States was also part of the grievances raised in the Declaration of Independence(Declaration of Independence ; Constitution of the United States of America ; Bill of Rights ; Constitutional Amendments, 2-10). Under the US Constitution, these grievances were addressed through the provisions in the constitution which outline how the US government structure should look like and the way all arms of government should operate. Furthermore, the constitution bestowed the r ight to elect leaders on the citizens hence addressing the issue of charters that were taken away by the British. References Archives.gov, The Declaration of Independence: A Transcriptionviewed from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html on 15th October 2014 Declaration of Independence ; Constitution of the United States of America ; Bill of Rights ; Constitutional Amendments. S.l.: Filiquarian Pub, 2007. Print. P.2-10 Source document

A youth subculture Essay

A youth subculture is a youth-based subculture with distinct styles, behaviors, and interests. Youth subcultures offer participants an identity outside of that ascribed by social institutions such as family, work, home and school. Youth subcultures that show a systematic hostility to the dominant culture are sometimes described as countercultures The punk subculture, which centres on punk rock music, includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashions and forms of expression, including visual art, dance, literature and film. The subculture is largely characterized by anti-establishment views and the promotion of individual freedom. The punk subculture emerged in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States in the mid-1970s A rave (from the verb: to rave) is a large party or festival featuring performances by disc jockeys (colloquially called DJs) and occasionally live performers playing electronic music, particularly electronic dance music (EDM). Music played at raves include house, trance, techno, drum and bass, hardcore and other forms of electronic dance music with the accompaniment of laser light shows, projected images, visual effects and smoke machines. The rave scene is know mostly worldwide for its use of club drugs, such as MDMA, LSD, and psychedelic mushrooms. Rave culture originated mostly from acid house music parties in the mid-to-late 1980s in the Chicago area in the United States.[1] After Chicago house artists began experiencing overseas success, it quickly spread to the United Kingdom, Central Europe, Australia and the rest of the United States.[2][3] The goth subculture is a contemporary subculture found in many countries. It began in England during the early 1980s in the gothic rock scene, an offshoot of the post-punk genre. The goth subculture has survived much longer than others of the same era, and has continued to diversify. Its imagery and cultural proclivities indicate influences from the 19th century Gothic literature along with horror films.[1][2][ In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a set of  people with a distinct sets of behavior and beliefs that differentiate them from a larger culture of which they are a part. The subculture may be distinctive because of the age of its members, or by their race, ethnicity, class and/or gender, and the qualities that determine a subculture as distinct may be aesthetic, religious, occupational, political, sexual or a combination of these factors. It may be difficult to identify subcultures because their style (particularly clothing and music) may often be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes, as businesses will often seek to capitalise on the subversive allure of the subculture in search of cool, which remains valuable in selling any product. This process of cultural appropriation may often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles which are alien to the mainstream. A common example is the punk subculture of the United Kingdom, whose distinctive (and initially shocking) style of clothing was swiftly adopted by mass-market fashion companies once the subculture became a media interest. In this sense, many subcultures can be seen to be constantly evolving, as their members attempt to remain one step ahead of the dominant culture. In turn, this process provides a constant stream of styles which may be commercially adopted. Many people would consider that the most visible examples of subcultures are youth groups which identify themselves through distinctive styles of dress, activity and music. However, there is a certain difficulty in supplying examples, in that the process by which subcultural style is incorporated by the dominant culture provokes a state of constant evolution in many subcultures. Musical subcultures are particularly vulnerable to this process, and so what may be considered a subculture at one stage in its history (jazz, punk, hip-hop, rave culture) may represent mainstream taste within a short period of time. However, many subcultures also reject or modify the importance of style, stressing membership through the adoption of an ideology which may be much more resistant to commercial exploitation. Indeed, the resistance to commercial exploitation may often represent a key part of this ideology. Perhaps the best example would be the punk subculture, which has progressed through several cycles of revival and commercial appropriation in its history. Members of the punk subculture can often be identified by their distinctive clothing, hair, jewellery and tattoos. In contrast to its commercialised variant, many punks consider that the subculture also possesses a distinctive punk ideology which rejects commercialism and conformity. A similar philosophy may be found in underground hip hop culture, which has also faced mass-market commercialisation and dilution of its ideals.

12 Angry Men

12 Angry Men Essay Twelve Angry Men is a classic movie depicting how one determined leader can alter an entire crowd. Through dedication, curiosity, and the pursuit for the truth he is able to persuade a group of twelve to second guess even themselves. Within this heterogynous group are a dozen different personalities some of which were leaders and most of which were not. The strongest leader in this movie by far is the Architect in the White Suit. Right off from the beginning at the original vote the Architect stated clearly his position in the matter. Against the rest of the group he strongly held his ground and fought for what he believed. Most people in his position would have changed their opinion immediately after realizing that he was completely outnumbered. However he continued to argue his points and reiterate the reasons why evidence needed to be questioned. His mind was simply brilliant. As he sat there listening to the other jurors reasoning he always found a way to prove them wrong or make them question themselves. Whether it was through logic, mathematical reasoning, or questioning of evidence he seemed to always wow the other jurors. His strength as a leader is that he is a natural born one. He wasnt trying to look smart or impress anyone. He simply was doing what he was born to do. He used both pushing and pulling tactics to influence his peers. His strongest tactic was the usage of rational persuasion. While other jurors were able to dismiss facts without consideration, he immediately noted a potential fault. Through the analysis of facts he was able to convince others to reconsider. One of the most notable discrepancies he proved was that of the witness across the street. Through common noises, known train speeds, and common knowledge he proved that the witness was anything but one. The architect also uses inspirational appeal to convince his colleagues. He makes the other jurors consider the humanity of the situation. A mans life is at stake and he realizes the impact that his decision as well the rest of theirs will have on the man. The importance of values is portrayed. Likewise he keeps his own position non-emotional stating that he will concur with the group about the guilt, but only if they can convince him that he should. Additionally, he uses consultation to try to help the group to come to a consensus. He seeks group participation to make the ultimate decision. Whereas others are set in their opinion perhaps based on the social normality of it (I.e. to fit in with the rest of the group), he is out to find the true belief of the individual juror. As with the inspirational appeal, he expresses his willingness to modify his decision based on what they discuss. Another influential leader is the Angry Father. He acted as the leader for the people who believed the defendant was guilty. He, like the Architect, is a natural born leader. He loudly argued his opinions about the case and refused to back down from his stance. Even in the end when he was completely out numbered he fought for his belief despite the persuasion of others. He couldnt care less what they thought of him. He was there to do his job and wouldnt be easily influenced by others. He perhaps was influenced by the pulling tactics. He used the tactics of legitimating. He tried to convince the group that they were there to protect democracy. A man had committed murder and needed to be punished for it. He was so overshadowed by the rules that he missed the humanity in the situation. He was in effect referencing the higher authority and the rules that needed to be followed. The government says that a murderer must be punished and he was going to see to it. He also uses pushing tactics with pressure. He threateningly reminds the other that a murder has occurred and that the accused must be punished. READ: The struggle for personal identity Essay He makes them feel guilty when they even consider for a moment that the accused may be not at fault. When the jurors slowly change their minds he becomes very defensive and tries to make the .

CULTURAL EVENT PAPER (MID-OHIO COMIC CON) Essay

CULTURAL EVENT PAPER (MID-OHIO COMIC CON) - Essay Example The main purpose of attending the Convention according to personal opinion was to understand the comic book scene in the United States of America. As I am a foreign student, it was imperative for me to take the initiative and go to a Comic Convention in the U.S because reading comic books has been my hobby since I was a young boy. I wanted to comprehend the kind of characters that the Americans speak of proudly and the comic books that they release to the rest of the world on such popular demand. Furthermore, I wanted to take time out and interact with American people interested in comic books and was also able to make a few contacts and friends at the Convention. This has really provided me with the opportunity to meet new people and share my ideas and thoughts regarding comic books. I am also interested in writing and imagining comic stories and thus wanted to share my ideologies with people because someday I might want to write my own graphic novel and meeting people at such a con vention is the best way of broadening one’s horizons. ... The convention played host to some very renowned celebrities, and they came together to talk to people and share their ideas and thoughts with others as well which in my opinion was a very interesting experience. This event was created by Wizard World.com, a publishing group that has given rise to a number of such conventions all around the United States of America. Wizard World was founded by Gareb Shamus in 1991 and it grew from being just a magazine to a publishing company with a number of interests, the main one today being holding conventions. In America, this entertainment group is very widely known for its convention organizations and boasts of very high attendance of people coming to visit the Convention every time it is held in different cities all around. It has also won a number of awards for conducting some of the best conventions of all time. The event was extremely light and exciting with a number of people coming together to view different comic books, talk to each oth er, listen to the celebrities and interact with them as well as find out information regarding the new comic books on the scene. There was a great amount of energy in the air and the atmosphere was extremely lively as people of all different age groups came together to talk about and meet the parallel world of comic books. As a person completely new to the entire experience of attending the setup I should have felt like an outsider. However, I felt like an insider because of the love for comic books that I shared with everyone at the event. Everyone had the same thing in common and that brought people together. I was able to interact very freely

The Most Important Skills and Values that Children Learn from their Essay

The Most Important Skills and Values that Children Learn from their Parents - Essay Example For many, the first word that is uttered is dada or mama, as they are easy words to enunciate as well as watch their parent’s lips that make the sounds. Learning to speak is the beginning of the lifelong learning process that children go through. Parents have the responsibility to teach their children valuable life lessons. Parents teach their children the value of making and keeping a friend. In this case, the child needs to learn how to introduce themselves, speak calmly, ask them questions and discover another person’s interests. In keeping a friend, often this will include having to say, â€Å"I’m sorry† or telling them â€Å"no† when their friend is wrong. This is extremely difficult for most children to do. Children need to be taught assertiveness over aggressiveness, so that they can communicate with others clearly and calmly. They can learn to negotiate, express themselves and learn to walk away from a bad situation if needed. It is the pare nts’ role to teach their child optimism. It is imperative that the parents teach their children how to think positive thoughts about themselves, know that they are trustworthy and dependable and have a bright future ahead of them. One thing that is difficult for children to understand is the ability to see things from another’s perspective.

Assimilation paper Communication Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assimilation Communication - Research Paper Example However, for an effective human communication, four things need to be done. The representation of information from the sender should be clear. The receiver must receive the information and ask questions to clarify issues. The mode of delivery should be considerate of the needs and situation of both parties. The information has to be in line at some level with the beliefs of the receiver. Human communication occurs every day, every time, everywhere in the world in successive processes. Human communication on all levels of communication has become a part of our life. Therefore, human communication is concluded as an interconnected form of communication, existing as systems governed by rules and laws, which can portray different messages though the same information is sent. The relationships and interactions in communication seek to achieve goals with reduced costs and increased benefits. (Littlejohn and Karen 151) The theories of communication strengthen this conclusion. Constructivism Jesse Delia theorized this theory of communication in 1982. The communication constructivism theory explains there is a greater capacity in terms of sophisticated communication among people that are cognitively complex in perceiving others that helps them in the achievement of positive outcomes (Littlejohn and Karen 180). These persons may employ the logic of rhetorical message design creating a person-centered message pursuing multiple goals of communication simultaneously. The theory deals with the cognitive processes preceding actual communications in a given situation. Observing and measuring these processes is a painstaking task difficult to complete. The theory however states that deducing that those who are cognitively complex do not always achieve more success. A statement claiming otherwise is a misrepresentation of the truth. Multiple truths varying with the abilities of creation and understanding of messages, which are cognitively complex by the receiver and the communic ator. This is the epistemological assumption of the theory the ontological assumption lies in the ability of some people to act in a rhetorical design. Others make use of conventional or expressive designs. The theory value conscious as it recognizes the capacity of influence of value without subscribing to any specific pattern (Littlejohn and Karen 182). The theory is a scientific one that seeks to explain the attainment of interpersonal communication success (Littlejohn and Karen 216). In the process, it concludes that more success is attained by people who are cognitively complex as they use the logic of rhetoric design in sending messages. However, the application of this theory is a complex undertaking due to the difficult and complex nature of the process of studying cognitive processes. Symbolic interactionism Symbolic interactionism is the learning of interpretation and giving meaning to the world in the process of interactions with others. This theory attempts to explain th e interaction of people through symbols (Littlejohn and Karen 128). The basis of the theory is the human ability to generate a complex set of symbols used to convey messages. In the theory, a family is labeled a unit of interacting personalities. The interactions of the people in their environment evolve the symbols applied in the interpretation of the actions. Understanding human

Case Study on Employee Relations Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

On Employee Relations - Case Study Example Having employed over 100 employees and with a possibility of future expansion, the business owner has decided that he would want to engage his employees more in the running of the company using the employee relations techniques. This is aimed at ensuring that employees perform at their most efficient optimal levels. This report is thus aimed at focusing on the various issues that ensure employee relations is handled well in solving conflicts once they arise and to avoid disputes from degenerating into serious matters in the future (Armstrong, 2006:167). These enterprises have employees of not more than 250 ,while small enterprise have less than fifty employees the medium sized enterprise have not more than 250 employees. The Small and medium Enterprises have played a very big role in the growth and stability of the economy as it consists of over 90% of all operating firms and they contribute to the creation of employment for over 65 million people. They have contributed to over 40% of the Gros Domestic product (GDP) in the United Kingdom and at the same time they have led to the growth of economies, increase in competition and innovation for the firms (Armstrong, 2006:167). Benefits employee relations Employee relations ensures that all stakeholders in the business are involved in the decision making process. This is because it entails involving all the parties together by building team work, cohesiveness and solving problems together. Employee relation is also important in reducing conflicts within the organization. All organizations have different people from different religion, age groups, and races and therefore differences are bound to arise and to be able to reduce these problems employee relations is important. The business owners are seeking for new ways that they can win the confidence and commitment of employees and also ensure that employees are satisfied with their jobs. They also seek to motivate the employees, reduce the rate of absenteeism, reduce the rate of labor turnover and eventually gain a competitive edge over their competitors. A more participatory management style would make the business achieve all these issues (Gennard and Judge, 2005:302). The issues for employee relations in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) The small and medium sized enterprises are faced with many issues such as lack of harmonization, tension between control and consent, loose structures of governance together with lack of professionalism in the human resources processes. Most of these firms do not have clear guidelines as to what is expected of employees. Thus we find that most employees will do what they think is right as there are no proper procedures to be followed (Murphy, 2002:10) . Constraints for SME The economic meltdown is a major concern for the SMEs today and the effects of this recession has led to the businesses adopting cost cutting strategies in areas of human resource training, practices and the development policies. The banks have also affected the operations of these businesses as they charge very high

The Souls of Black Folk by Du Bois Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Souls of Black Folk by Du Bois - Term Paper Example He says in the book, "One hesitates, therefore, to criticize a life which beginning with so little, has done so much. And yet the time is come when one may speak in all sincerity and utter courtesy of the mistakes and shortcomings of Mr. Washington's career as well as of his triumphs, without being captious or envious and without forgetting that it is easier to do ill than well in the world† (Documenting the American South). Starting with the issue of education, Washington had given the proposal of providing industrial education to blacks in order to alleviate their position in the society. Du Bois, however, held different views and criticized this proposal by saying that the education provided to blacks should not be industrial; rather, it should be one which would form leaders and educators in the black community. He believed that this would prove to be beneficial in the long run and I believe he is right in stating this. The black community needed people from among them who would continue to work for the rights of the blacks, rather than people who would only benefit their own surroundings. Education for African Americans would not only make the social position of people better but also improve the views that others held about blacks. As Du Bois believed, educating the African American would also remove any misconceptions about the black race and would help people recognize the contribution they were making to the society. Du Bois is also critical of Washington as he seems to promote the idea of submissiveness of blacks to the whites’ system. He does this by recommending that blacks give up three major privileges that make them a significant part of the society: political power, i.e. the right to vote, civil rights and higher education. Without these things, it is not possible for African Americans to make economic progress and grow as a society. Without such rights, African Americans would not be able to look at themselves in a respectful way, let alone having others do so. Without an identity of their own, they would not be able to break out of their own shell and move higher up in the society; rather, they will remain submissive all their lives. Washington was focused more on peacefully co-existing in a society dominated by the whites while Du Bois wanted to break this dominance and lead the African American community towards social, political and economic advancement. The policies of Washington seemed that he appeased the white status quo, instead of improving that of the blacks. This was evident through the fact that he believed that the African Americans should retain their status as farmers, work on cash crops and continue living in the south. He discouraged them from moving up north and demanding civil rights. This makes us doubtful of his ability as a leader, as he did not try to improve the position of his people but rather helped them adjust to their circumstances. Du Bois criticized his views as he believed tha t blacks needed education, not economics, to prosper. With higher education, there would be higher paying jobs and hence a stronger position in the society coupled with economic equality and parity. This was put into words by Du Bois in the following quote: "If we make money the object of maintaining, we shall develop

Short essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Short - Essay Example The most commonly renowned African arts are figurines, vessels and statuettes. Sacred arts and ritual arts were adversely linked to elaborate and intricate beadwork of many African communities. An all-inclusive orality and musical performances, divinatory art, body art and style were additional ritual performances in African tradition. This paper describes sacred arts and ritual performances in African religion. Cherokee ritual ceremony was one of the African ceremonies, which were well organized and undertaken regularly. Cherokee ritual ceremony traces its roots from Algeria in the North America. Cherokee ceremonies were held with the cycles of mother earth. During the ceremony, positive attitudes were to be held to the later. It, therefore, emerged as a ceremony offering worshipping opportunities, socialization and bonding for the entire clan. Ceremonial instruments were used during these occasions such as drums, tuttle shells rattles and guard shell rattles. A sacred fire was an additional symbol for god’s existence during these ceremonies. Sacred rattles were a shambolic and symbolic representation of holiness. Currently, this ceremony is carried out by Afro-American based immigrants as well as the North African communities. Priesthood was a noble profession in the ancient African societies; in order to become a priest in the traditional African societies, the individuals had to be respectful, godly and an oratory individual who was able to convince the people to follow the gods were worshipping. Priests had to know all the social and cultural ways of his community. Priests had to woo a larger mass of their communities to become believers (Olupona 84). Lastly, priesthood was determined by faith of individuals. Those who were capable of strongly standing by the communities during times of dire need were automatically awarded priesthood positions. Being priestess in the African traditions was directly linked by the societal norms; women in most African

Common Software Vulnerabilities', Database Security, and Attacks Essay

Common Software Vulnerabilities', Database Security, and Attacks on Networks discussion - Essay Example Linux has applications from cars to cameras and Raspberry Pi and the bug could be fatal in Android, IBM machines, and Windows (Johnson, 2011). The primary source of the attack emanates from the web where a hacker could manipulate the bug to add malicious code on websites or to funnel information such as health records or bank details (Fogel, 2013). Shellshock allows the intruder to access each internet-powered device in an individual’s home from very innocuous entities such as smart light bulbs. Rated at ten on the severity check, the only solution to the vulnerability is updating devices with patches by the website and server owners to secure their clients. While antivirus and firewalls are the initial defenses for most organizations, they will not to be able to stop the attacker getting in this way and, therefore, must be advised to obtain operating system updates from software vendors. The bug is believed to have been in existence for 25 years, to its discovery by Linux’s expert Stà ©phane Chazelas. For instance, Apache web server operates Bash in its background in executing tasks such as processing personal data keyed in through online forms. Encryption in databases has worked its way to the top of the priorities list in the current IT sector. Applications and firewalls no longer suffice in protection of data and businesses in the present day’s complex and open IT environments. Complying with a number of regulations and mitigating the risk are the main drivers forcing database encryption onto the security agenda. However, there are some proposed corrections to the challenge. At the moment, businesses are taken by key management, concerning the largest challenges as database encryption. They are also grappling with matters such as a way to seclude security management and databases, controlled usage, key copying and the means to offer the security auditor proof of secure systems (Cherry, 2011). Governments for are insisting on encryption to

Alienation Essay Example for Free

Alienation Essay Metamorphosis is a change in physical form or structure. In The Metamorphosis, there is a literal change in the protagonist, Gregor Samsas, physical form from a man to an insect. This metamorphosis brings to light one of the major themes in the novel; the theme of alienation. Todays society demands conformity to its norms and any individual who refuses to accept these faces alienation. Such is the fate of Gregor in the story. Before Gregors metamorphosis, he is alienated from his job, humanity, his family, and even his body. The metamorphosis, however, takes the alienation to a different plane. In the story, Gregors job precipitates his alienation from society, his family, and himself. Gregors initial alienation is from his physical body and as the story progresses we find that Gregors life as an insect is not much different from his life as a human. From the first few paragraphs we get the impression that Gregors metamorphosis has only transformed him from one body to a less convenient one. He does not seem frazzled by his transformation, but explores his new body and tries to work with it. He observes his numerous legs, which were pitifully thin compared to the rest of his bulk (Kafka, 494), he feels a dull ache he had never experienced before (495), and he discovers a place on his body that he cannot itch. Gregor does not seem to have any emotional change due to this transformation. This is evident when he wakes up after his transformation and is annoyed that he cannot go to sleep because he cannot turn onto his right side. He also thinks about how he can no longer attend work.

Principles of Instructional Design Essay Example for Free

Principles of Instructional Design Essay Pilot or field test are programs where new software concepts or new project ideas are tested and reviewed. A pilot test takes place earlier before the initial implementation of the project. During these period of field test participants are encouraged to provide feedback not just on the project being implemented but how the project is useful and how it can be improved. Its main aim is to influence the feature and the future of the final product to be implemented. Also peoples reaction about the project or soft ware should be taken into consideration as they are they main target. Pilot tests are mostly used during the implementation of new ideas . Pilot tests are also plans, conducts, directs and reports associated with ideas to bring new designs, development, and modification of a new or existing product (Taylor, 2005). Pilot tests are important because they help create better implementation of projects or soft wares or improve the existing project or software. For example, mobile phones Company like Nokia it has to have a tester before it starts mass production. Testers help the new soft ware to fit within their current corporate system and preview new features which the consumers expect to get in the final product. Feed back is vital because about the soft is vital because it helps in determining the features to be enhanced in the final software (Paul, 2000). Field test is important because it provides an ideal way of meeting quality product and meeting all the requirements as requested by the consumers. Also it helps reduce chances of loss because a company produces according to the response they got from the consumers . If it’s software they indicate all adjustments indicating such that the final soft meets consumer needs. In addition, the field test gives peoples perception about the ability of a product or project . Issues of connectivity with the current surrounding are important. Pilot test also enables a company to know the test and preference of its consumers. A company is able to understand its consumers know what to expect from them, their likes and preferences, cultural behaviors, ethics and believes. Field test is a good idea because it helps reduce wastage of resources and time. As a result, less energy is spent improving the quality of the final product. Resources which could have been used in mass production of certain products are reduced and used after the pilot test. This helps to reduce losses which could have been incurred. A field test also creates a new opportunity. After reading the feedback companies are able to look into ideas which they consider might be vital to them some of he ideas create new opportunities which it could get if the company had not carried out a pilot test. Pilot test are important because they prepare organization and companies on what to expect when they implement the final plan. That helps the organizations to introduce strategies on how to tackle problems which they encounter because they are aware of some of the problems. Some of the obstacles found when carrying out field test are; failure to rely on the collected information because of lack of good feedback also known as standardized field sobriety testing. For example a research conducted for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration where the purpose of the research was to provide a reliable method of determining intoxication caused by highway vehicle and the best way to reduce congestion in the highway. Another obstacle is negligence by the people by not considering g to get involved in the project. This makes it difficult for an organization to get the appropriate information regarding their program. Also negligence in terms of the consumers failing to give the appropriate information regarding their project or product. Also high pricing when doing pilot test. Many people will feel uncomfortable buying a new product at a very high cost which is just acting as a tester in the market and opt to avoid. An example is a mobile company introducing a new phone in the market and selling it at a very high cost. Also when implementing some pilot programs a lot of money is spend because some materials are given free of charge and the company end up investing a lot money in the pilot test which may not bring positive impact to the company. In order to overcome some of these obstacles, the workers of the organization are supposed to give feed back which is reliable. Reliable in terms of truth. In addition, give testers at a lesser cost to get many people getting involved in giving commends for the implantation of the final product. Also pilot tests are carried out in areas with a large population and also a population in which the product is supposed to serve. Conclusion In conclusion, pilot or field tests are very important because they act as samples for the final plan or product there for an organization is able to improve its product or plan depending on how the market responds. Also less risk are involved because this is not the final plan so finances are saved for final implementation no huge losses are incurred this are testers. Since pilot program take place before the initial launch of the final plan the organization is able to provide ways of solving problems which they predict may occur and provide means of minimizing those problems.

Strengths Based Model and Case Management Model Comparison

Strengths Based Model and Case Management Model Comparison KAVITESH P TAHAL AGEING AND DISABILITY Compare two models Strength-Based Model Strengths based practice is consistent with the rights arguments outlined earlier. That is, it is has a focus on the equal rights of citizenship that disabled people have. These rights include the rights of access to all resources, options and opportunities; the rights of people to choose and direct service provision to enhance their lives; and the right to actively live and participate in the same communities as everyone else. It is an important approach to conducting needs assessment and service coordination because: It is an empowering approach to alternatives which have historically focused on deficits and problems within families or people needing support. In strengths based approach the focus is on the strengths and abilities of the person. It avoids the use of stigmatising, labelling or blaming language. It creates hope within people and their families by focusing on what is currently successful or has been successful in the past for them. It focuses on people’s abilities and resiliencies and places them in the â€Å"expert† position on their own goals, ambitions and solutions to difficult situations. The â€Å"professional† worker is placed in the role of partner and guide. It captures (often for the first time) the positive things in a person and the person’s environment that can serve as a start for positive changes. People and their families are more engaged in a process where they feel they are an important part, not simply a recipient of others’ â€Å"service†. Communities are seen as an important source of resources rather than obstacles or barriers to overcome. Assessment: Strengths-based service delivery often starts with an assessment process to prompt the client and program staff to identify capabilities and assets which the client can mobilize. The information collected some of the clients history, the type, frequency, and call such a problem, process as mood, personality changes and behavioural painful emotional reactions, and severity of cognitive change, the problem with such other diseases of the nervous system and the physical signs of damage to the test as the language of social behaviour assessment difficult enough -solving, thinking. Planning: Strengths-based service planning begins first with identifying what causes the current health situation, planning how to maintain behaviour, planning how to prevent further and future complications. The planning process also take into consideration the individual’s own life’s perspectives relating to their beliefs, cultures and their religion while taking care of their personal needs. The plan will be vary over phase as during the healing the client and the case manager have to examine the variations and development that the client has encountered so the goals will be adapted based on the certainty and the course of attainment. Coordinating: For coordinating services using the strength based approach, the resources must be readily available. It should be in the position that is easily accessed by the client or it has the capacity to relocate their services so that it is can reach to the client. The services should also serve the interest of the client which includes but is not limited to: Housing, employment, healthcare, transportation and education. It must be culturally sensitive as well as being person-centred and community based. The client must understand as the availability and the efficiency. Besides that the case manager must also have a regular contact with the client and be prepared to make any variations to make certain the plan is permanently appropriate and updated. Strengths: It focuses on the person’s abilities rather than their disabilities. It empowers the individual letting him or her decide about his or her life. The person feels important as they became part of the process. It also avoids discrimination and stigmatising since the person with disability is the one defining him and not the health professional promoting self-esteem. Appropriate for all types of elderly. Leading to developing the confidence for independent decision making and help-seeking together with the help of the family and health professionals. Key to confidence to belief in oneself and a willingness to keep on through life challenges. Identifies and amplifies existing client system capacities to resolve problems and improve quality of life. Weakness: This model has existing and potential abilities became the basis of classification and not the aspirations of individual. It is sometimes difficult to establish individual aspirations since it requires effective communication and not readily assessable. Many critics of the strength based approach points out the limitation to which abilities define the capability of the person to participate in the community. Perspectives of the disability people: The strength base model is useful as it builds hope through relationship with people, community and culture. Also it strengthens the belief that people are experts in their own lives and the professional or carer’s role is to increase and explain choices and encourage people to make their own decisions and informed choices. Summary of the expected outcomes for the disabled: For the strength based model, the predictable results are that the psychological health of the client is strengthened and various the incapacitated can cooperative well to the society like the normal individuals without much psychological obstacles. Empowerment in their own lives. Clients are able to do activities of daily living. There is a sense of confidence in his/her day-to-day activities. Clients could express happiness that’s he is able to convey his/her messages and feeling comfortable about his/her environment. Clients enjoy life and feels he is useful for family members. Provide client’s relatives for and after care help from various agencies. Case management Model Case management is a collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitation, care coordination, evaluation and advocacy for options and services to meet an individuals and family comprehensive health needs through communication and available resources to promote quality, cost effective outcomes. Some functions of case management include: Client identification. Outreach. Service assessment. Planning and monitoring. Linking, referring or brokering access to needed services. Advocating for needed services for an individual. The provision of support to families and significant others in the person’s environment Assistance in developing a social support network. Assessment: Initial history of clients is taken with physical and medical examination. Neurological assessment with particular attention to vision and hearing is essential to rule out other neurological problems. Mental Status Examination is to detect abnormal features in a patient’s behaviour and state of mind at the time of the assessment. General appearance and Behaviour- Patient may restrict his activities to an increasingly limited area within which he is able to cope. He will often repeat things that he has done several times, apparently without any awareness of what he is doing. Speech- may show a variety of more or less non-specific anomaly together with restriction of content, difficulty in finding words and naming objects, reduced fluency, repetition, preservation and lastly speech is striking when it occurs again be alert to any neurological abnormalities. Attitude – cooperative, hostile, suspicious, fearful and evasive. Mood the client’s emotional response lack of depth and are poorly sustained. Planning: Planning is done with consideration for all clients’ culture and belief in mind and family members are involved in discussion making. A routine plan for activities is done with clients consent and is aware to follow. Client is involved on planning and planning done in a safe and less congested environment. All types of illness are treated accordingly and client aware of it. Coordination: Client is helped or supported in ADL’s. Ensure a pleasant, safe and quiet environment. Client is well aware of environment and communication maintained. With clients consent preferred name is used with respect. Repeat the routine activity in a specific time of the day. Speak slowly, clearly in simple sentence. Client’s hygiene is maintained. Maintain communication with relatives and friends. Provide opportunity to do the tasks with assistance. Strengths: Support to keep frail aged persons and people with disabilities living with complex and multiple supports needs to remain in their own homes and local community. Provides mainly for the roles and tasks required for social work staff in the provision of help, support and guidance to people requiring continuing care at home. In assessing priorities and consideration will be given to the following client risk factors/situations. Weaknesses: The assessment and case planning process will determine an individuals eligibility for assistance by this service. Mainly focused in the organisation than concern with the coordination and organisation of care for individual clients. Providing direct services or psychotherapy as part of case management may contribute more substantially to the stabilization or improvement of clients’ situations, but such support probably needs to be sustained over time to produce long-term effects. Perspectives of the disability people: Needs are being met by services and resources. Trust and communication with case manager. Disability, physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, and developmental or some combination of these may be. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; Lack of activity in executing a task or action by a person, is a challenge; A block of life to participate in problem situations experienced by an individual in involvement is a problem while. So it is a complex phenomenon of a persons body and she remains a feature of society in which the interaction between features is revealed. Summary of expected outcomes: Talk about the problems they face at home to encourage family. Explain the need for physical and social settings. Support to various institutions for managing customer relations and education. The importance of follow-up care. Customers enjoy life and support for the family, too. In the community to talk with other people feel happy. Customer concentration and efficiency in their work shows References:- Source: Strengths-Based Social Work Practice online. Retrieved from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Strengths-Based_Social_Work_Practice2. Source: Recovery approach online. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_approach Source: 12th Case Management Society of Australia online. Retrieved from: http://www.cmsa.org.au/definition.html Source: Case Management and Community Care Australia online. Retrieved from: http://www.cmsa.org.au/finalcasemanagementdiscussionpaper.pdf Source: Case Management Services online. Retrieved from: http://www.merrichs.org.au/Pages/CaseManagementServices.aspx KAVITESH P TAHAL S/N: 14030411Page 1

John Hancock Essay -- essays research papers

In all of American history, there are many men who stand out and emphasize the history ofour country. This man, John Hancock, is one of those extraordinary men that stand out.John’s life began on January 16, 1736 in Braintree, Massachuchetts.John was the middle child of three. He was the son of (Rev.) John Hancock, born on June 1, 1702 in Lexington, Massachuchetts and son of Mary Hawke, born on October 13, 1711 in Hingham, Massachuchetts. Mary was once married before she married John Hancock Sr. Her previous marriage ended in her former husband’s death.(Rev.) John Hancock was well-liked by his parish, was paid well, and was provided a very comfortable home. In return of their generosity, he was a "faithful shepard." He kept an attentive watch over the morals and religious well-being of all members of the parish. Ever since John’s (Jr.) birth, he was perceived to go to Harvard. At the age of six, his parents sent him to a local dame school. Later he was sent to another school, in which he might have met John Adams, with whom he struck up a casual acquaintance. Like all the other children in town, he learned the basics of reading, writing, and figuring.All things seemed to go well, until the spring of 1774. His father came down with an illness, that later would be the cause of his death. His sadness grew more because of the reason that they would have to move. Mary’s parents were both dead and a very difficult decision would have to be made by Mary. Her anxiety to make that decision was lessened by the invitation from the bishop and his wife, to live with them in Lexington. A year later, John was sent away to live with his uncle Thomas and aunt Lydia, and to attend Boston Latin School. It isn’t sure if he moved there to live with his uncle or to attend that school. What is beyond dispute, though, is that this move altered radically John Hancock’s life and altered the history of America, as well. The August after John arrived, his uncle and him went down to the school and applied. John was accepted almost immediately, after reading some verses from the bible. His age though caused a slight problem. He was almost nine years of age and all the first graders were almost seven. The master of the school, John Lovell, found a nice solution. Since John was excellently trained in Lexington, Lowell moved him up to third grade. John was neither ... ... the troops stayed, more bloodshed would occur and his troops would be in danger. Another act was passed and this was the Tea Act. The British thought that this was a very good idea, but it was a double threat10to him. It worried him that the British were using this as an opening to acquire other trade. To him, the more important thing was the political implications. Americans were being asked to financethe destruction of their own rights. That fateful night, in which the throwing of the tea occurred, was one that will always be remembered. Before the unloading of the tea, a meeting was held, in which they decided to do, what they did. John Hancock was able say, in a period of order, "Let every man do what is right in his own eyes."11 Shortly afterwards, Samuel Adams gave the signal for the men to go on the ship, after declaring " this meeting can do nothingmore to save the country."John Hancock would go on to be the first signer of the Declaration Of Independence. John was a very smart, intriguing man. He was well-liked and known by all.John Hancock, in my eyes, is a true patriot. He will always been known to Americans, in one way or another.

Larry :: essays research papers

1) Descartes uses a method commonly referred to as Methodical Doubt (beginning with a doubt in hopes of arriving at a given certitude). With this skepticism, Descartes questions the inherit nature of what it is to be. It is his initial perception, upon beginning his piece, again, with â€Å"methodical doubt†, which the world may not exist, but may be a facet of an individual’s imagination. However, he quickly contests this argument with his face phrase, â€Å"cogito ergo sum† which means â€Å"I think, therefore, I am† I. The Arguments for Universal Doubt: In order to show that science rested on firm foundations and that these foundations lay in the mind and not the senses, Descartes began by bringing into doubt all the beliefs that come to us from the senses. His aim in these arguments is not really to prove that nothing exists or that it is impossible for us to know if anything exists (he will prove that we can know external objects later), but to show that all our knowledge of these things through the senses is open to doubt. If our scientific knowledge came to us through the senses, we could not even be sure that anything outside of us existed. The obvious implication is that, since we do know that external objects exist, this knowledge cannot come to us through the senses, but through the mind. Descartes uses three very similar arguments to open all our knowledge to doubt: The dream argument, the deceiving God argument, and the evil demon argument. The basis idea in each of these is that we never perceive external objects directly, but only through the contents of our own mind, the images the external objects produce in us. Since sense experience never puts us in contact with the objects themselves, but only with mental images, sense perception provides no certainty that there is anything in the external world that corresponds to the images we have in our mind. Descartes introduces dreams, a deceiving God, and an evil demon as ways of motivating this doubt in the veracity of our sense experience. A. The dream argument: 1. I often have perceptions very much like the ones I usually have in sensation while I am dreaming. 2. There are no definite signs to distinguish dream experience from waking experience. therefore, 3. It is possible that I am dreaming right now and that all of my perceptions are false Larry :: essays research papers 1) Descartes uses a method commonly referred to as Methodical Doubt (beginning with a doubt in hopes of arriving at a given certitude). With this skepticism, Descartes questions the inherit nature of what it is to be. It is his initial perception, upon beginning his piece, again, with â€Å"methodical doubt†, which the world may not exist, but may be a facet of an individual’s imagination. However, he quickly contests this argument with his face phrase, â€Å"cogito ergo sum† which means â€Å"I think, therefore, I am† I. The Arguments for Universal Doubt: In order to show that science rested on firm foundations and that these foundations lay in the mind and not the senses, Descartes began by bringing into doubt all the beliefs that come to us from the senses. His aim in these arguments is not really to prove that nothing exists or that it is impossible for us to know if anything exists (he will prove that we can know external objects later), but to show that all our knowledge of these things through the senses is open to doubt. If our scientific knowledge came to us through the senses, we could not even be sure that anything outside of us existed. The obvious implication is that, since we do know that external objects exist, this knowledge cannot come to us through the senses, but through the mind. Descartes uses three very similar arguments to open all our knowledge to doubt: The dream argument, the deceiving God argument, and the evil demon argument. The basis idea in each of these is that we never perceive external objects directly, but only through the contents of our own mind, the images the external objects produce in us. Since sense experience never puts us in contact with the objects themselves, but only with mental images, sense perception provides no certainty that there is anything in the external world that corresponds to the images we have in our mind. Descartes introduces dreams, a deceiving God, and an evil demon as ways of motivating this doubt in the veracity of our sense experience. A. The dream argument: 1. I often have perceptions very much like the ones I usually have in sensation while I am dreaming. 2. There are no definite signs to distinguish dream experience from waking experience. therefore, 3. It is possible that I am dreaming right now and that all of my perceptions are false

monkey :: essays research papers

KrZyAzNnBoI: i understand DevilsInMePants: + my lil bro needs to help me w/it DevilsInMePants: i might brack it KrZyAzNnBoI: oo KrZyAzNnBoI: ic ic DevilsInMePants: and hes doin somethin eles right DevilsInMePants: ill c if he'll come help me DevilsInMePants: and ill good find a ok pic DevilsInMePants: but ill b all dressed up and stuff DevilsInMePants: so brb KrZyAzNnBoI: k DevilsInMePants: hi DevilsInMePants: this is Jesse bro KrZyAzNnBoI: sup DevilsInMePants: Jessi will b back she is lookin 4 a pic KrZyAzNnBoI: koolz KrZyAzNnBoI: 8 36 KrZyAzNnBoI: oops KrZyKrZyAzNnBoI: wrong box DevilsInMePants: ok DevilsInMePants: okok me bavk DevilsInMePants: back KrZyAzNnBoI: kool KrZyAzNnBoI: got a pic yetz? DevilsInMePants: yaya KrZyAzNnBoI: koolhow monkeys live on a fram. DevilsInMePants: back KrZyAzNnBoI: kool KrZyAzNnBoI: got a pic yetz? DevilsInMePants: yaya KrZyAzNnBoI: kool DevilsInMePants: there was a gurl in the pic w/ me but i cut her out KrZyAzNnBoI: o KrZyAzNnBoI: okies KrZyAzNnBoI: just sne dme the nice pic DevilsInMePants: my bro is fuckin around w/ the pic now KrZyAzNnBoI: damn DevilsInMePants: + we have to put it onto a disk KrZyAzNnBoI: o KrZyAzNnBoI: but u can just save t on ur comp KrZyAzNnBoI: and then delete it after u send it to me DevilsInMePants: no because we have the scaner on a diff computer KrZyAzNnBoI: o KrZyAzNnBoI: my badz DevilsInMePants: its ok u didnt kno KrZyAzNnBoI: aitezzz DevilsInMePants: im scared KrZyAzNnBoI: y? DevilsInMePants: because DevilsInMePants: i a shy preson KrZyAzNnBoI: y u shy for? DevilsInMePants: i dont think will like my pic KrZyAzNnBoI: y notz KrZyAzNnBoI: i haven't even seen it yetz KrZyAzNnBoI: and u already think i be that judgmental DevilsInMePants: i kno DevilsInMePants: but KrZyAzNnBoI: ...? DevilsInMePants: no i dont think u r judgmental it just that DevilsInMePants: i kno u havent seen it yet that is wat i was talkin about DevilsInMePants: 1 min. KrZyAzNnBoI: ok DevilsInMePants: His is James do you have paint for the computer KrZyAzNnBoI: huh DevilsInopen the file u saved ur pic on

Bartolome de Las Casas

American Literature Massacre in the Indies Thesis: The brutal awakening portrayed by de Las Casas in his account allows us to see what really happened in the Indies and prove why Columbus and other explorers aren’t the heroes their cut out to be. Intro: The discovery of the â€Å"New World† is portrayed as a wonderful time by almost all Americans on Columbus Day each and every year. If people knew the true story about what really happened as accounted by Bartolome de Las Casas then there would be less celebrating and realization that we, as people, are idolizing a false hero. The brutal awakening portrayed by de Las Casas in his account allows us to see what really happened in the Indies and prove why Columbus and other explorers aren’t the heroes their cut out to be. Body: 1. When the â€Å"Christians† arrived to the Indies the Indians viewed them as people from Heaven and soon found out that they were anything but that. A. The amount of food the Christians consumed was unbelievable. For each Christian ate as much food in one day as thirty Indians in one month. B. After the Christians made there way through the villages to the nobles they acted in a way to be considered horrific. They made the rulers watch as they raped their wives with no thoughts of regret in the Christian officer’s minds. 2. It was not long when the Indians decided something needed to be done. They revolted against the Christians but there was no way they could match up to them because while they were using bow and arrows and tomahawks the Christians were using horses, swords and pikes. Brutal raids were implemented on all Indian villages and the Christians used cruel and unusual punishments against them. A. Everyone from pregnant women to children was targeted by these so called Christians. B. Bets were placed by the Christians to see who could cut an Indian’s head off with one swing of the pike as if it were a game. C. Children were taken from their mothers and thrown by their arms and legs into rivers and off the sides of mountains. D. Indians were burned alive in groups of thirteen in remembrance of â€Å"Our Redeemer and His twelve Apostles. E. The hands of some Indians were cut off and tied around their necks as the Christians told them to â€Å"Go now, carry the message,† into the mountains to other Indians who have fled. F. Nobles and Chiefs were treated differently by the Christians, for they were lashed onto a grid of rods and placed on forked sticks then slowly burned in a smoldering fire. One account recalled by de Casas showed four or fiv e nobles latched onto these grids slowly being burned. Their screams were so loud that they were disturbing the captain’s sleep so he ordered them to be strangled but the constable decided to disobey his orders and instead put a stick over their tongues so that they could not scream. 3. While many Indians lives were ended with appalling deaths others were captured and turned into slaves by the Spaniards. More than two million Indians were taken captive and were brought to the island of Puerto Rico to do hard labor. Bartolome de Las Casas American Literature Massacre in the Indies Thesis: The brutal awakening portrayed by de Las Casas in his account allows us to see what really happened in the Indies and prove why Columbus and other explorers aren’t the heroes their cut out to be. Intro: The discovery of the â€Å"New World† is portrayed as a wonderful time by almost all Americans on Columbus Day each and every year. If people knew the true story about what really happened as accounted by Bartolome de Las Casas then there would be less celebrating and realization that we, as people, are idolizing a false hero. The brutal awakening portrayed by de Las Casas in his account allows us to see what really happened in the Indies and prove why Columbus and other explorers aren’t the heroes their cut out to be. Body: 1. When the â€Å"Christians† arrived to the Indies the Indians viewed them as people from Heaven and soon found out that they were anything but that. A. The amount of food the Christians consumed was unbelievable. For each Christian ate as much food in one day as thirty Indians in one month. B. After the Christians made there way through the villages to the nobles they acted in a way to be considered horrific. They made the rulers watch as they raped their wives with no thoughts of regret in the Christian officer’s minds. 2. It was not long when the Indians decided something needed to be done. They revolted against the Christians but there was no way they could match up to them because while they were using bow and arrows and tomahawks the Christians were using horses, swords and pikes. Brutal raids were implemented on all Indian villages and the Christians used cruel and unusual punishments against them. A. Everyone from pregnant women to children was targeted by these so called Christians. B. Bets were placed by the Christians to see who could cut an Indian’s head off with one swing of the pike as if it were a game. C. Children were taken from their mothers and thrown by their arms and legs into rivers and off the sides of mountains. D. Indians were burned alive in groups of thirteen in remembrance of â€Å"Our Redeemer and His twelve Apostles. E. The hands of some Indians were cut off and tied around their necks as the Christians told them to â€Å"Go now, carry the message,† into the mountains to other Indians who have fled. F. Nobles and Chiefs were treated differently by the Christians, for they were lashed onto a grid of rods and placed on forked sticks then slowly burned in a smoldering fire. One account recalled by de Casas showed four or fiv e nobles latched onto these grids slowly being burned. Their screams were so loud that they were disturbing the captain’s sleep so he ordered them to be strangled but the constable decided to disobey his orders and instead put a stick over their tongues so that they could not scream. 3. While many Indians lives were ended with appalling deaths others were captured and turned into slaves by the Spaniards. More than two million Indians were taken captive and were brought to the island of Puerto Rico to do hard labor.

Essay on We The Animals

More all over, the homophobia in the smart seting asserts conflict within the family and leads the fibber to lose his identicalness and become modified into an individual that hostel approves of. He holds society responsible for the disintegration of this family. The story is told by a vote counter whose name we neer find out. Tortes does this in order to emotion all toldy detach the readers from the char influenceer and instead, direct their cogitate towards the larger put across that the story conveys.Tortes uses chronicle and structure in the chapter, The night I am Made, in order to underscore the inflict and isolation felt by the storyteller because of society expectations of him. The chapter, The Night I am Made, is integral to the plot of the reserve because it deals with the verit up to(p) problem in the tellers life. Until this point, the readers argon given the sense that the family passionatenesss all(prenominal)(prenominal) other and leave go to th e ends of the Earth for each other. By the end of the chapter, the family is torn a vox(predicate)(predicate), deviation the readers to blame society for the focussing it influences relationships.Tortes starts the chapter public lecture active the give-and-takes exploitation up. He Uses They in this chapter, as opposed to the We that was used in the revises chapters. This change is pronoun use signals the beginning of the isolation felt by the cashier. The storyteller goes on to describe his cronys and how degenerate they project and lead become. He is directly talking to his Pas and expresses his rebuke at the way that his brothers are go out. The fibber is contrastive from his brothers since he whole dallys exhausting at school and is non rough analogous them.On scallywag 104, he refers to the Puerco Ri burns as having manner of speaking. Tortes proposes the c at a seasonpt of catching language as being similar to inherited personal identity. The brothers be permit the way that the father goes they answer with violence and non rowing. The Puerco Ri freighters had language because it was passed atomic pile from their ancestors, like the violence and the physical plague was passed d receive from Pas to his sons. However, the cashier does non be to be one of recipients of this gift and therefore, he feels further uncaring.The following reiterate solidifies this thought of isolation and the contrast that the vote counter feels when compared to his brothers. And me straightaway. impression at me. See me there with them, in the snow both inside and away their understanding. See how I make them uneasy. They smelled my election -? my sharp, sad, pansy scent. They believed I would know a world larger than their own. They hated me for my entire grades, for my white ship canal. The above quote refers to the fabricator as having white ways and therefore, not being Puerco Ri suffer enough.By the nerve centre of this paragr aph, Tortes sets the cashier apart from his family and forces him to feel different. Tortes intentionally does not introduce or describe every characters apart from the five family members, because at the end of the book, when the narrator becomes isolated from his family, the readers are left with a sense that he rule does not have bothone in his life to admire him and take care of him. Also, the lead specify of the chapter refers to their last night together, signifying that a extend change sites to come.The break of the chapter is divided into small sub- chapters, namely Midnight, late Night, abstruse Night and Dawn. In Midnight, the readers see the first prison term there is particularual conflict that divides the brothers. Tortes switches among utilise We and They to commemorate that the narrator is assay mingled with maintaining his identity as part of his family and creating one for him ego. The narrator turns on his brothers, verbally a rafting them. Up un til this point in the story, he is the brother that is least tearing by screaming at his brothers, he is using their means to separate himself.Tortes intentionally invents him tempestuous but not in a physical manner, which means that his brothers can until now overpower him. The following quote indicates the real violence that the narrator had kept cloak-and-dagger throughout the years. l kept a journal in it, sharpened insults against all of them, my folks, my brothers. I turned impudently eyeball to them, a newly caustic gaze. These speech by the narrator infirm his fierce nature and are a will to his upbringing. He is just as barbaric as his brothers, but completely in a different way.This difference is what makes him isolated from them. In this way, he is the same brother that grew up with the family but his knowledge adequate to(p) desires postdate in ostracize him from them. On page 1 10, the narrator describes the way his brothers held him when they were stress ful to beat him up. The eyeshot is written as though it was fall uponionate and pleasing. They didnt want to permit me go. They were holding him in order to thinned him but the narrators desire to feel like he was part of the Emily causes him to view this context as one that speaks nigh brotherly love.The narrator had previously claimed that his brothers would bleed for him Tortes is now proving him wrong by turning them on him. Tortes ends Midnight by saying that there was no other male child like the narrator, stage set his isolation from his brothers as well as the lone stage businessss he feels. The next chapter, tardily Night, describes one of the versed encounters that the narrator has. Tortes does not confirm whether this happened within the plot or is one of the sexual fantasies from the narrators journal.Either way, the sexual elations that the male child has with the bus driver bring him wide pleasure and result in his sexual awakening. The cold gathered in the tips of those fingers, so every. Veer he touched me was a dull stab of This quote suggests that the bus driver was helping him understand his own sexual nature. art object this was surprising to him, it helped to make sense Of his sexual desires. The quote My brothers will lose themselves tonight theyll search for me in the whiteness theyll drown shows that he is alone, which does not happen throughout the book.Tortes always portrays the narrator as being tit his brothers or his family but this time, he is alone and schooling about himself. By stating this, the narrator once again distinguishes himself from his brothers because he has gone to a nursing home that they cannot access. Personally, I believe that this scene is part of the narrators journal because it is where he can be true to his identity and not worry about his brothers showing up. Instead, he is comfortable exposing himself to a stranger in the hopes of learning more(prenominal) about himself. The chapter cl oses with the narrator yelling that the bus driver made him.By the use of this line, Tortes suggests that the sexual encounter influenced the way that the narrator created an identity for himself. The following chapter, Deep Night, sees the narrators family finding the journal that contains explicit sexual fantasies and sharp insults against his own parents. The story in this naval division begins with the following quote. Everything easy between me and my brothers and my scram and my father was garbled. This quote suggests that a homophobic society has resulted in his family look at him in a different light.He is no long their son or brother, and the simple functionality of the family dynamic is now lost to him. Even as the narrator knew that everything was dropping apart because his parents and brothers had read his journal, he looks at his mother and says Ill kill you. Tortes intentionally highlights the furious nature of the narrator in order to punctuate that he is confl icted between loving and hating his family for what they are putting him through. Since the violence is what holds indeed together, the narrator attempts one last time to find common ground between them by acting out.His father wants to hand over but his brothers pull him down and thereby, insulate him from their familial unit. Smeow, at the same time, that they were care him back, they were stick uping him. The narrators family, in this case, not only exhibits non-violent behavior but also act as support systems to help each other get through this situation. The situation the Tortes places the narrator outside of this family and without any support makes his isolation more explicit. Towards the end of the chapter, the narrator becomes an animal in order to distort and connect with his family.He resorts back to violence, which was a continuous throughout his entire childhood. However, as he becomes more and more violent, the parents and rooters retreat into their love for t he narrator. They oppose the approach that the narrator was taking, which means the narrator is left alone and without any means by which he can communicate with his family. On page 1 17, the narrator says the journal might have been a way of coming-out for him, so that he could be found and he could jam hiding. The only way that this would happen would be if everything was out in the open.This did not give in favor of the narrators wishes and only ended up creating conflict between the narrator and his family members. The narrative in this chapter ascribes the hospital the boy will be sent to with words such as neutered, which refers to the sexless identity that the society and his family want him to have. Also, Tortes uses the phrase sub dued burning a youth glow in order to highlight the fact that the narrator is a young boy who has a lot more to accomplish in life and yet, the homophobia in the society makes it so that the will spend the rest of his years in the hospital.Th e final section, Dawn, narrates the preparation for the narrator to go to the hospital in troika person. The narrator is no longer talking, and therefore, Tortes is suggesting that his drinking glass is subdued this is similar to the way in which is identity is being suppressed by his family. Also, Tortes refers to the characters as a father, his son etc. He does this in order to show that society has reduced these characters and their strong, familial bonds to a generic relationship. They no longer have any history or uniqueness inclined to their relationships.Instead, they are represented as a regular, loving family. By hiding their violence and past, Tortes creates a new, reductive identity for the family. While the father gives his son (the narrator) a tubful, he pretends like it is a outing task. Tortes does this in order to show the readers that the father is compel to pretend to be normal and dexterous because it is what society expects Of him. He is not allowed to show his real emotions in the wake Of his son coming out. The father unscrews a incandescent lamp in the vatroom, claiming that it has always been too beamy in there.Tortes is suggesting that the father would prefer to do this in darkness, therefore, not being able to see his son properly. Also, this shows that the father is sagacious on hiding away in the darkness and doesnt want to embrace his son. This isolates the boy and rates conflict in their relationship. As the father gives his son a bath against his will, he says, Yeah, you got rights. What you dont got is power. This serves as likeness for the greater society having power over the individual even though they have rights to be themselves.Tortes is suggesting that in this case, the society is harming the battle against the individual because of homophobia. In addendum to this, the act of bountiful a bath renders the narrator naked and vulnerable. The father is giving his son a bath and exposing his weakest spots. later on, he goes on to dress the boy and thereby, essentially retreating a new identity for the narrator. This new identity fulfills social expectations and re-creates the sense of self that the individual has. By cleaning and fecundation the boy, the father ensures that all the native elements about the narrators personality are required.The bath can be seen as a smorgasbord of cleansing, where the removal of dirt equals removal of character. Later on, the clipping of toenails can also be seen as the removal of unwanted parts. On page 121 , the father looks at the boy as if he was looking at a deep cut or a too-bright morning. These are two atrocious images that will most likely cake one squint and therefore, miss the actual sight. In this case, Tortes includes these images within the narrative to emphasize that the homophobic society clouds the fathers vision so that he can no longer fully appreciate his son.The following quote describes the Isolation felt by the narrator when h e hears his mother refer to his brothers as the boys, excluding him from the pack. Howe quickly and fully the son in the tub is excluded from that designation how badly the boy wishes to be out there with his brothers doing as he is told. The quote states that the narrator wants to return a more useful time when it was possible to run around with his brothers and be referred to by his mother as normal. This injustice of family isolates the narrator and creates conflict within him.The shut scene is of the brothers swiveling snow. Snow is a natural occurrence that is controlled by human beings by activities such as swiveling. In the category of the narrative, the brothers, along with their parents, are attempting to control and remove what is natural about the narrator. Therefore, the swiveling represents manipulating the natural in order to overcome it and is directly link to what the family is owing to change the narrators identity. They are doing this to the purpose that they are preparing for his stay at the psych ward.Also, the fact that the brothers are swiveling snow while the narrator is inside is indicative of his isolation from the rest of the family, especially his brothers. The titles of the sub-chapters refer to times during the night, and the last one refers to dawn. Since nighttime is associated with darkness and hiding, Tortes uses Midnight, Late Night and Deep Night in order to describe the narrators true violent and sexual nature. These sub-chapters deal with the reality of the narrators situation.Tortes makes it so that the last sub-chapter, Dawn, involves the process of eliminating the identity of the narrator in order to create a new one for him, one that is more socially acceptable. Since Dawn refers to the time of solar day when daylight is starting to peek in, Tortes is suggesting that the work of the society is almost done because it was undefeated is re-constructing a new self for the narrator. This is the self that will be used to go outside in the light and not be hidden away. At the heart of this novel is a story about a title boy growing up and unsuccessfully attempting to find his place in the world.This ensures that the mainstream, heterosexual audience is able to relate to the story as well. As for the LIGHT community, the novel portrays different ways in which the society can affect the individual and their families. It also acknowledges the loss of identity for a LIGHT person due to the pressure vitrifying to be someone else. The overarching message is that growing up is a hard thing to do. The society which envelops this plot line is extremely homophobic and has caused the family to look at the narrator in a neuromotor light.

Business Management Danone

strain MANAGEMENT - CONTENTS PAGE introduction3 literature review4 deb star analysis4 external f wreakors4 organisational structures5 hofstedes theory5 ethnic elements5 motivation6 danones analysis7 I- strategical analysis7 1- DANONEs industry7 2- swot analysis8 3- exploring parvenue opport unit of measurementies 11 II- organisational analysis12 1- external accompanimentors12 2- DANONEs organizational strucure13 3- substructure beas stopping point imp procedure15 DANONEs motivational system16 conclusion and recomm devastationations 18 bibliography19 appendices21 - INTRODUCTION We brinytain chosen the assort DANONE because it is a manhood-famous leading cut aggroup, which is a serious deal recognised for its guidance attractership. DANONE is a fodder- w bes multi topic gage found in genus Paris. It is the institution leader in fresh dairy harvestings, 2nd in bottled piss and baby fare and European leader in clinical nutrition. moving in Management Study G uideBeing a leader in these 4 segments corresponding to the heavy trends of custom and deriving more than than 50% of its unit of ammunition all oer from maturation countries use up helped the root to secure a 6,9 % exploitation in 2010 diethylstilbestrolpite the bring turn of origination economy. It is obvious that to be able to be boffo on these mellowedly competitive markets, a anyiance owes to apply a computable strategy. The group is alike supported by an pithive communication and by a rigid involvement in search and development where they spend 1% of their planetary turn over.But above every(prenominal) these, with its fast development in emerging countries a straightforward deal with and through joint ventures and its cast off in 2007 of 40% of its activities from biscuits to baby and clinical food, what has been detailed to insure its success through these drastic changes has been the dole outment of the group under the truehearted leading of F ranck Riboud who succeeded, as chairman and CEO of DANONE, to his military chaplain Antoine in 1996.Through this study, we sh any bespeak how DANONE possesses a real identity very f completely in in its management and organization and that this cultural model, initiated since the previous(predicate) 70s by Antoine Riboud and enhanced by rough Riboud, has been key to the grouping success. - LITERATURE round off * SWOT analysis A strategic cooking tool that relegate ons external and privileged detailors and is utilized by personal line of credites and different organizations to ensure that there is a brighten objective defined for the project or venture, and that only factors related to the effort positive and negative atomic count 18 identified and addressed. (Tatum, 2010) The SWOTs process involves quaternity atomic number 18as of consideration * Strengths characteristics of the business or team that set in it an advantage over another(prenominal)s in the in dustry. * Weaknesses are characteristics that seat the firm at a disadvantage congress to others. * Opportunities external chances to make greater sales or profits in the environs. * Threats external elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business. Identification of SWOTs is essential because later(prenominal) steps in the process of planning for accomplishment of the selected objective whitethorn be derived from the SWOTs. External factors fit in to David Buchanan and Andrzej Huczynski (fifth edition), external factors of a business organization include * Macro-environment factors (PESTLE analysis) identifying the political, Economic, Social, expert, Legal and Ecological factors affecting an organization. * Micro-environment factors (Porters quintuplet Forces) * Competitive rivalry * Threat of bleak incoming * Buyer power * Threat of substitution * provider power * organizational structuresBased again on David Buchanan and Andrzej Huczynski (5th e dition), organizational structure is The format system of task and coverage relationships that controls, coordinates and triggers employees so that they work together to achieve organizational goals. The purpose of organization structure is, first, to divide up organizational activities and allocate them to sub-units and, second, to co-ordinate and control theses activities so that they achieve the aims of the organization. * Hofstedes TheoryYou back learn as well Portfolio Management QuizzesHofstedes research gives us insights into other civilizations so that we backside be more effective when interacting with people in other countries. As it was clearly defined at Alan Godsaves chew out (2011), Hofestedes cultural dimensions are * Individualism sight look after selves and immediate family only. * maleness predominate companionable entertains are success, money, and things. * Power quad Less powerful members accept that power is distri saveed unequally. * doubtfulnes s revokeance people feel menaceened by ambiguous situations create beliefs/institutions to avoid such situations. * cadence and Relationship dimensions. Cultural Elements harmonize to Bauer and Erdogan (2009) Culture can be understood in hurt of vii different culture dimensions, depending on what is to the gamyest degree indexful within the organization. For example, innovative cultures are flexible and adaptable, and they experiment with new ideas, while stable cultures are predictable, rule-oriented, and bureaucratic. smashed cultures can be an asset or a liability for an organization plainly can be challenging to change. Organizations whitethorn do subcultures and countercultures, which can be challenging to manage. Culture dimensions (the organization culture profile) innovative * Aggressive * Outcome-oriented * Stable * People-oriented * Team-oriented * Detail-oriented * motif The cognitive, decision-making process through which goal-directed behaviour is initia ted, energized, and directed and primary(prenominal)tained. (David Buchanan and Andrzej Huczynski, 5th edition) Motivation can be regarded as a great concept, which includes preferences for recessicular outcomes, strength of effort (half-hearted or en thuslyiastic) and diligence (in the face of barriers). These are the factors that we set about to understand in order to explain our motivation and behaviour.These are the factors that a manager has to appreciate in order to motivate employees to behave in organizationally desirable focal points. - abridgment I STRATEGIC ANALYSIS 1 DANONES INDUSTRY History, according to DANONE authorized website, www. danone. fr The pilot federation bearing the corporal look up was founded in 1919 by Isaac Carasso in Barcelona (Spain) as a down in the mouth factory producing yoghurt initially sell in Pharmacy. The factory was material bodyd Danone, a Catalan diminutive of the name of his first son. Ten years later, the first French fact ory was built.Also you can readBusiness Ethics ComprisesIn 1967, Danone merged with Gervais, the leading fresh cease manufacturer in France and became Gervais Danone. Another branch of Group Danone descended from industrial glassmaker BSN, which was founded by the family of Antoine Riboud. He transformed BSN into one of Europes leading food groups in the 1970s through a series of acquisitions and mergers, including the 1973 merger with Gervais Danone. The acquisitions initially took the frame of vertical consolidation, acquiring brewer Kronenbourg and Evian mineral water that were the glassmakers largest customers. In 1973, the telephoner merged with Gervais Danone and began to expand internationally.In 1979, the club aban through with(p)d glassmaking. In 1987, Gervais Danone acquired European biscuit manufacturing business General Biscuit, owners of the LU brand, and, in 1989, it bought out the European biscuit operations of Nabisco. In 1994, BSN changed its name to Groupe D anone, adopting the name of the groups best-known international brand. Franck Riboud succeeded his father, Antoine, as the companys chairman and CEO in 1996. Under Riboud junior, the company continued to pursue its concentrate on three roughly product groups (dairy, beverages, and cereals) and divested itself of several activities, which had become non-core.From 1999 to 2006, the group change its glass-containers business, its European and Chinese beer activities, its Italian cheese and perfume businesses, and its sauces business. Despite these divestitures, Danone continues to expand internationally in its 3 core business units, emphasising wellness and well-being products. In July 2007, it was announced that Danone had reached agreement with Kraft to sell its biscuits incision, including the LU and Prince brands. Also in July 2007 Danone bought the Dutch baby food and clinical nutrition company Numico creating the do mains second largest manufacturer of baby food.Facts 201 0 Sales 17 080 million euros in operation(p) profit 2 578 million euros. Employees 101 000 Factories 159 land Ranking in the food industry 5th CAC 40 (Paris stock deputize) siteing in capitalization 9th Activities, Brands (DANONE official data and information, available at www. danone. com) unfermented dairy products with 20 % of the demesnely concern market (35 % in genuine countries) and a presence in active forty countries, Danone is the leader on this market. This activity, representing 57 % of the derangement of the Group, save an increase of 6,5 % in 2010.The strategy of the Group within the origination market of the dairy products is to bend on innovations products centred on helping your health and on local adaptation of its brands. Main brands Danone, first terra firma mark with Danone, Actimel, Activia, Danonino (Small Gervais in Fruits), Vitalinea (Taillefine, Vitasnella or Ser in some countries), Danacol, Gervita and Dany. Packaged waters This activity , representing 17 % of the turnover of the Group, enter an increase of 5,3 % in 2010. Main brands Evian (world 1st bottled water), Volvic, Aqua, Bonafont and example Vella Baby food This activity, representing 20 % of the turnover of the Group, recorded an increase of 8,9 % in 2010. Main brands Bledina, Gallia, Nutricia, Nutrini, Milupa, Cow&Gate, Bebiko. clinical nutrition this last pole, representing 6% of the turnover, recorded a 9% increase in 2010. Main brands Nutricia, fortimel, Nutrison http//danone10. danone. com/vignettes/fr/html_danone10/docs/Principaux_indicateurs_2010_FR. pdf 2 SWOT ANALYSIS * INTERNAL * STRENGTHS furtherance * A brand more than a company Legitimacy to confab its products. * Master in trade (copied by Unilever and Nestle). Take advantage of a strong image as specialist of food with health connotation. The group strengthen its scientific credibleness by clinical studies (DANONE institute). * Derive World fame, thanks to Evian, the world famous bra nd of water. Price * Capacity to impose its prices thanks to its notoriety and its image. * Possibility of imposing high prices with regard to the market health connotation. Distribution fame Allows a referencing in all distribution channels. The calibration / globalization of its products allows to answer at universal needs, optimizing their global distribution. Margin of authorized negotiation market portion out and spectacular notoriety. Model geographically well fit with half of the turnover in emerging countries, 10% in the USA and the rest in western Europe. Possibility of self-financing in the case of new subsidiaries master(prenominal) financial capacities. fruit * Strong capacities of innovation all over the world. * Adaptation to foreign consumer habits. * Benefit from an minute mastering of its businesses specificity know how to make. * Have at the corresponding time a portfolio of international brands and very vigorous local positions. Strong trust and l oyalty of the consumers to products (due to the whole step control). Organization * Benefit from a healthy financial structure and a good level of interior produce. * Unique flexible decentralised organisation * The most(prenominal) powerful food Group in the welkin of the health. * Intensification of the strategy of growth. * Have competitive advantages (brands, distribution network) comical in 2 businesses (Water, Dairy products). * WEAKNESSES Promotion * Sued for lead advertising. Price * subjoin of the level of the prices due to high equal price of raw packaging materials.Place * The insurance policy of standardization of products makes probablely difficult fetching into accounting the sociocultural differences or the taste differences of the sundry(a) populations. Product * The policy of standardization is a barrier to stick out to it adjustments produced according to the evolutions of markets or the changes of trend. * The globalization is a bar to take into a ccount the strategies of differentiations of the competitors, in destinyicular at the level of a specific country. * The brands are the main asset of the company.Organization * DANONEs model may be difficult to be accepted over corporate culture and differences of management in various countries. * Difficulties to immix exogenous elements into its culture. * EXTERNAL * OPPORTUNITIES Offer Opportunities of external growth through Potential foreign partners seduced by * The admiration and the conservation of the partners corporate culture * The understanding of his culture before a overture of common projects * The cultural footbridges in favour of ideas and association share-out. The quality of the industrial and marketing know-how facilitate the co-branding with the other brands on the other markets. Demand Expanding market (convenience goods). A large number of countries remain to be born-again to fresh dairy products as well as bottled water (developing countries). Even in times of crisis the most basic needs of consumers is food. Influences * Healthy food became a major cognitive content and is widely followed and supported by the consumers and the legislation (preventive campaigns against the obesity). * THREATS Offer * Strong direct arguing by hard discounters and store brands. Strong disputation in the field of the water PepsiCo (Aquafina) and Nestle (Perrier). * inflationary environment of dairy products. * Increasing Costs of the communications often involving to part from certain brands. * Anchored in a very competitive system link to the working out of its market. Demand * Versatility of the command linked to the diversity of the invite on the food market. Influences * organisational campaigns concerning the health potential problem of excessive consumption of fresh dairy product. 3 EXPLORING NEW OPPORTUNITIES * According to le Figaro website (www. efigaro. fr), since imposing 2011 DANONE is experimenting its own fast food restaura nt and corners in France under the name Danone bar to sale yogurts. If it works the model could be duplicated first in various cities in France and then major cities in other countries where the dairy product are consumed essentially at blank space and not outside. (Please, see picture N2) * Based on web and luxe website (www. webandluxe. com), Evian is alike experimenting home delivery in Paris, based on the fact that some customers are reluctant to acquire themselves bottle water packs because of their weight.If it works this idea could also be duplicated in major cities. Furthermore Evian claims that it pass on help with its blow print as these deliveries are do with electrical cars. * Evian has also opened a new website, (www. myevian. com), were customers can get customized bottles with their name or a specific date/event grave with laser on the bottle. (Please, see picture N3) * Savia, a new range of soy-based milk and yogurts, made its debut in southern Europe in 200 9, and in France Taillefine, the brand that invented light dairy products, launched a new line of fruit desserts in partnership with Andros, a leading fruit processor. www. danone. fr) II organizational ANALYSIS 1 EXTERNAL FACTORS * PESTEL ANALYSIS We redacted this part of the work based on external factorsliterrature review. * Political factors. Up to now there are 4 types of political factors potentially affecting Danone * The Danone Amendment that the french judicature passed in 2005 to protect the group and its minority shareholders from a rumoured take over by PepsiCo * The potential threat of an increase in customs taxes betwixt Europe, Asia (most of all china), and NAFTA due to the world economic crisis. Increased Government campaign for public health against obesity get out be likely to increase the group sales. * dislodge in the European Union agricultural subsidies allow for affect strongly the milk producers thus having a strong impact on the European business of Danone. * Economic factors. * Rate of swop of Euro versus Yuan and clam may play a role in the sales of European made products elsewhere but through joint ventures in a number of countries, this risk/opportunity is downsized for the group. * General slow down of world economy but so distant the group has a growth higher than the world average. Increased demand of better food product in Asia, India and Brazil with the average standard of financial backing increasing have a positive impact. * Increase price of raw materials, due to tightening of proviso vs. demand, such as plastic, will have a strong impact on packaging speak towhich represents a significant part of the product cost in bottled water the growth of water revenues in 2010 was lower than the growth in quantities because of this factor. * Social factors. * eject for Africa the world population is ageing, this will have a potential positive impact on the demand for healthy food (activia and in the richest countries for clinical food but it twill impact adversely the child food segment. * On the want run this may also have an impact on the work oblige but for the following decade Danone work force is comparatively young. * Increased awareness of the population of all ages to the positive or negative health effect of food. * Increased demand for fair trade may increase the price Danone has to pay to milk producer in non-or poorly regulated areas like Africa. * Technological factors New biotechnologies, molecules or proteines may increase the credibility and effectiveness of cosmetic and health food thus giving an edge to Danone which has focussed its strategy on these segment since much more time than its main competitors and have the research facilities to do so. * Environmental factors * The emergence scarcity of good drinkable water may increase the sales of the water division, as it has already been the case in some countries like Spain. great requirements for recycling of plastic pack aging and lowering carbon print may lead to the need of a change in Danones packaging and distribution.They have already thought about it through home delivery of water and reutilisation of empty bottle as mentioned before. * Legal factors * The recent case of Danone being sued for misleading advertising on the supposed health realize of some of its products (Actimel) may have further implications and force it to change substantially its line of communication. 2 DANONES ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE A structure is all the functions and the relations determining positively the missions and the functions which every unit of the organization has to achieve and the modes of collaboration between these units (STRATEGOR, 1993) hierarchy organisation Danone organization is built in a way to increase flexibility and efficiency, optimize integration of employees in the group and facilitate functional, geographical and cultural synergies. It is basically a division type organization. (Plea se, see picture 4) In the classification of international groups introduced by Howard Perlmutter, Danone is a geocentric firm An equal sharing of power and responsibility between headquarters and foot soldier senior management promoted according to ability instead than nationality subsidiaries that share worldwide objectives with managers focusing beyond national market interests.In Danone the benefits of cultural diversity, such as companionship of local customers and business practices, are harnessed for the good of the firm as a whole. Local divisions must(prenominal) identify aspects of diversity that are most important to them and their operations and take the lead in expressing and managing these differences. Discussion, interaction, cross-divisional teamwork and trouble rotation, support, awareness, and understanding go alongside training programs, spoken language courses, and cultural assimilation.It is typically a think globally, act locally company. * DANONES LOCATIO N IN accordance of rights WITH HOFSTEDES THEORY * Individualism This dimension is sure medium-low in Danone. People are expected to do cross-divisional teamwork and loyalty to the group rather than individuals is highly valued. In return each division and functions know that they can count on the others when facing a problem. * Masculinity This is a dimension were the cultural aspect of France and Danones CEO personalities have plaid an important part in Danones culture.The score of France and in widely distributed Latin countries is not very high. Furthermore the fact that an important part of the business is now done in developing countries where this dimension is low have reinforced this aspect. So we would say that Danone is sure more feminine. This could explain also that so farthermost the US is not one of Danones main markets because of its strong masculinity cultural component. * Power outstrip Like most international group with a divisional type organization, power di stance is relatively low to medium.Inequalities among people will tend to be minimised, decentralisation of activities is important, subordinates expect to be consulted by superiors, and privileges and spot symbols are less evident. However it is also * precariousness evasion Being a group relations with the food market, the standardization of products, brands, common values world wide are a way to avoid as much as possible uncertainty. On the other peck the Group has to adapt for good to external elements as we will see in the Pestel analysis so from our point of view, uncertainty avoidance dimension is medium to high. Time and Relationship dimensions. According to brusk Riboud and Myriam Cohen-Welgryn (2011), Danone is looking at the long term A company cannot succeed in the long run if it turns its back on the society it is a part of, if it only looks to its short-term economic gain. . Their strategic move in 2007 when they sold the world N 2 biscuit division in exchange o f infant and clinical food brand is certainly a proof of that. On the other hand Danone is a company strongly engaged in the immediate social wellness of its employee and countries where they have factories.All this cultural and strategic aspect of the Group was well summarized by Antoine Riboud in the 90s The most boffo companies are the ones who think simultaneously about the proficient change, the contents of the work and the change of the internal social bondions in the company. 3 HOME COUNTRYS culture IMPACT * DETERMINING ELEMENTS OF DANONES CULTURE First of all DANONE is a multinational group which wants to share and transmit it own values in all countries where its implanted. Based on DANONE official website (www. danone. om), DANONE has four important values that have to be passed on through their products and their committednesss all over the world * The openness this value includes various notions such as the open-mindedness, the curiosity and valuing diversity. * Th e enthusiasm It symbolizes the desire and capacity to take risks and explore new, not to mention the conviction to spend oneself and to take some pleasure by working. * The humanism DANONE wants to accentuate the fact that the group pays attention to the guard of people and products. Likewise it is environmentally friendly. * The proximity The group pay attention to their customers.Indeed its essential for DANONE to be tuned into the expectations but also the complaints of these customers. In addition as DANONE is a French company there are other values, which come from its home countrys culture First the idea to have a well-balanced diet by eating products of good qualities and with good taste is an important cultural subject for a large number of Frenchs. There is a growing awareness that a bad diet has direct consequences on peoples health, but also major economic consequences in terms of public health costs. Second French have a big craze for the environmentally policy.Indeed since a few years the sustainable development and the ecology are very present notions in the look of everyone. So DANONE tries to convey these same notions through their products as well as within their advertisements all over the world. All these notions are at the core of DANONEs mission. * CULTURE IMPACT ON EACH opposite The four core values and the French trance described here above are a frame in which the team of each division and each country where DANONE is present, have to adapt taking into consideration to their own cultural specificity as mentioned before.In fact it is perfectly in line with the openness value so the model is not rigid. When DANONE wants to open a new market in a country which culture is quite different from its own, they usually do so by incorporating joint venture with strong national partners like they did in Russia (10% of their sales in 2010) or China. The only core value, which they consider as non-negotiable, is humanism. So DANONE is typicall y a think globally, act locally company. 4 DANONES MOTIVATIONAL SYSTEM * COMPANYS MOTIVATIONAL ELEMENTSWe know that a growing gap between the aspiration of the employees and the practices of companies is acknowledgment of additional costs and loss of performance. That is why, to DANONE, the motivation of the employees is an dictatorial condition of the companys growth. The group DANONE often insists on the need of permanent growth to deal its leaders place on the market. This growth requires consistently an bang-up performance, which supposes that the company can lean on act employees. Consequently, DANONE insure on a regular buttocks that the 3 main conditions for optimum employees commitment are fulfilled The company is in set with its culture and its values He is proud to go to a leading group He is certain that his employer assumes the development of his skills. To strengthen the motivation of the employees and their commitment, the group DANONE tries to establish, on a regular basis, a correlation between the practices of management and the growth of the units. To do it, regular questionnaires are submitted to the managers and DANONE, from time to time, widen these survey to its thousands employees. More concretely the group DANONE insists more particularly on the impropriety and the sharing between employees We rely on the liberty of management of our subsidiaries and what we call the networking attitude. It means that, when an employee meets a problem, he has to have the reflex not to turn approximately towards his boss, but rather to exchange with his counterpart, wherever he turns out to be in the world, to find the solution. We risky a series of tools to share the knowledge and exchange good practises for the specialists of every domain (finances, human resources, industry, marketers). (Franck Mougins interview, 2006, available at www. lexpress. fr) ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES EFFICIENCY Since 2002 DANONEs HR, supported by Frank Riboud, has developed several tools to increase efficiency of the organization, based on the fact that they are too small(a) compared with their competitors Nestle or PepsiCo to reinvent the wheel. So they have started knowledge marketplaces and sharing networksto help employees connect with each other and share good practices horizontally rather than relying on hierarchical lines of communication. In 10 years DANONE employees shared almost 1000 good practices with colleagues.The Networking Attitude had made practical information loving to about 70% of the more than 9,000 DANONE managers roughly the world. vanquish of all these programs, which are conducted within the timeframe of more formal meetings, incurred very little cost and were considered highly prospering by 90 % of general managers, according to an internal survey. The HR top management worked also on co-building events where employees from different units within DANONE networked with the goal of creating new practices or p roducts rather than sharing existing ones. http//www. duperrin. com/2008/04/21/comment-danone-fait-de-sa-culture-un-levier-de-performance/) These programs didnt fit in so easily. They required a great deal of energy and preparation from HR and took time to be accepted in some part of the world where discussing serious business issue with lower rank colleagues or wearing costumes- as it was recommended during marketplace events- was foreign to local culture. Despite these first reluctances it does work and the most obvious result is that DANONE start launching new products 3 times faster than its competitors. Franck MOUGIN Benedikt BENENAT/avril 2005/ Danone se raconte des histoires, une version latine du knowledge management/http//www. ecole. org) - CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Frank Riboud, CEO Danone said At Danone we dont talk about strategy, we react to the context around us. For me, its like a Lego box that you buy for your children. They start to play, trying to find a wa y to build the image on the Lego box. At the end of the day, they give up, throw out the box, and put the pieces away. The next weekend you put all the Lego pieces on the storey and then the strategy starts.They try to imagine something. not what was on the box, but what they have in their heads. That is strategy at Danone for me Its Lego. (Harvard business school, 2008) Since he took over in 1996, he did three very briskness things. First, he directed to companys focus towards health and nutrition. Second, he turned a occidental European company into an international organization with operations worldwide. And third, he changed how the organization was managed. He created the expression jeu de jambe, or footwork, which perfectly describes Danones approach to dealing with legion(predicate) issues in a flexible way.With its focus on nutrition and promoting health through four product divisions, Danone appeared to have a clear strategy for the new century. As CEO, Ribouds larger vision increase beyond ordinary customer segments to include promoting health to people throughout the world. In 2011 he acknowledges his fathers, Antoine, vision when he said in 1972 in front of a number of CEO of the biggest French companies Conduisons nos entreprises autant avec le coeur quavec la tete et noublions pas que si les ressources denergie de la Terre ont des limites, celles de lhomme sont infinies sil se sent motive. Lets manage our companies as much with our heart as with our mind and lets not forget that if earth resources are limited, the mans one are infinite if he feels motivated. We believe that Antoine and Frank Riboud leadership and vision and their unique management way have leaded the Group to its success. - BIBLIOGRAPHY Books David Buchanan and Andrzej Huczynski (2004) Organizational Behaviour. (5th Ed. ) FT assimilator Hall. D. Buchanan A. Huczynski (2010) Organizational Behaviour. 7th Ed. ) FT Prentice Hall. Bauer and Erdogan (2009) Organizational B ehaviour. FT Paperback. Internet sources (International and French sources) Tatum, M. (2010). What is SWOT summary? Available at http//www. wisegeek. com/what-is-swot-analysis. htm (Accessed 10 November 2011) DANONE (2011). Our company. Available at http//www. danone. com/en/company/introduction. html (Accessed 10 November 2011) Groupe DANONE (2011). historical background. Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Groupe_Danone (Accessed 10 November 2011) LEcole de Paris du management (2005) Danone se raconte des histoires, une version latine du noesis management Franck Mougin interview. Available at http//ecole. org/seminaires/FS1/SEM190/VA010405. pdf/view (Accessed 12 November 2011) LEXPRESS. fr (2006). Donner du sens au travail. Available at http//www. lexpress. fr/emploi-carriere/laquo-donner-du-sens-au-travail-raquo_479442. html (Accessed 15 November 2011) LEFIGARO. fr Economie (2011). Danone sessaie au bar a yaourt. Available at http//www. lefigaro. r/societes/2011 /07/14/04015-20110714ARTFIG00454-danone-s-essaie-a-la-restauration-rapide. php (Accessed 13 November 2011) Le ledger du Net (2010). DANONE. Available at http//www. journaldunet. com/danone/ (Accessed 13 November 2011) entanglement & Luxe digital luxury magazine (2010). Myevian. com la personalisation est aussi chez Evian. Available at http//www. webandluxe. com/08/2010/myevian-com-la-personnalisation-est-aussi-chez-evian/ (Accessed 13 November 2011) Bloc-Notes de Bertrand Duperrin (2008). Comment DANONE fait de sa culture un levier de performance.Available at http//www. duperrin. com/2008/04/21/comment-danone-fait-de-sa-culture-un-levier-de-performance/ (Accessed 14 November 2011) - APPENDICES Picture 1 The first yogurt Danone with a porcelain package sold in chemists in 1928 (Available at http//tourisme. bienpublic. com/90-ans-de-Danone-les-8-yaourts-qui. html) Picture 2 The first Danone bar opened in heroic 2011 in a shopping mall advance Paris. (Available at http//www. le figaro. fr/societes/2011/07/14/04015-20110714ARTFIG00454-danone-s